Strategies of geological modeling and scale-up in reservoir simulation.
Loading...
Files
Date
Authors
Wang, Wei.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
The objective of this study was to study the improved vertical layering method for scale-up, to develop an effective scale-up methodology, and to investigate the effects of geological modeling strategies, well locations, and reservoir boundary conditions on the scale-up of petrophysical properties. The Gypsy formation was used as the experimental site in this study.
The scale-up method developed in this study was applied for three Gypsy models. It was observed that the transmissibility scale-up is only suitable for linear flow. A scale-up on productivity index must be conducted to consider the effects of radial flow around wellbore in order to obtain a satisfactory scale-up result. Significant improvements were obtained after conducting a PI scale-up. Contrary to our expectation, channel model and lithofacies model resulted in similar scale-up results, but flow unit model resulted in large errors. Comparing the scale-up results for three different production scenarios and three different boundary conditions, it was observed that the proposed scaling process provided better results in scenario involving line-drive compared to the nine-spot and five-spot scenarios. The method also produced better scale-up results for system with no-flow boundary condition compared to bottom-water drive and edge-water drive.
Three Gypsy models, channel model, lithofacies model, and flow unit model, were generated in this study. A methodology for scale-up was developed, in which transmissibility, instead of permeability, was scaled up. After a linear scale-up was conducted between the grid blocks, a scale-up on productivity index, or PI scale-up, was performed to consider the radial flow around the wellbore. Special considerations were given to the pinch-out grid blocks in the system in order to obtain a representative flow simulation. Two hypothetical models, a layer-cake model and a pinch-out model were used to illustrate the application of the methodology. Successful scale-up results were obtained after a PI scale-up technique around the wellbore was applied.
The scale-up method developed in this study was applied for three Gypsy models. It was observed that the transmissibility scale-up is only suitable for linear flow. A scale-up on productivity index must be conducted to consider the effects of radial flow around wellbore in order to obtain a satisfactory scale-up result. Significant improvements were obtained after conducting a PI scale-up. Contrary to our expectation, channel model and lithofacies model resulted in similar scale-up results, but flow unit model resulted in large errors. Comparing the scale-up results for three different production scenarios and three different boundary conditions, it was observed that the proposed scaling process provided better results in scenario involving line-drive compared to the nine-spot and five-spot scenarios. The method also produced better scale-up results for system with no-flow boundary condition compared to bottom-water drive and edge-water drive.
Three Gypsy models, channel model, lithofacies model, and flow unit model, were generated in this study. A methodology for scale-up was developed, in which transmissibility, instead of permeability, was scaled up. After a linear scale-up was conducted between the grid blocks, a scale-up on productivity index, or PI scale-up, was performed to consider the radial flow around the wellbore. Special considerations were given to the pinch-out grid blocks in the system in order to obtain a representative flow simulation. Two hypothetical models, a layer-cake model and a pinch-out model were used to illustrate the application of the methodology. Successful scale-up results were obtained after a PI scale-up technique around the wellbore was applied.